Are Rhubarb Leaves Poisonous? (2024)

Rhubarb is a plant that enjoys cold climates and is found in mountainous and temperate areas of the world like Northeast Asia.

The species Rheum x hybridum is commonly grown as an edible vegetable across Europe and North America.

Although rhubarb is botanically a vegetable, it’s classified as a fruit in the United States (1).

It has long fibrous stalks that range from dark red to pale green. These are often chopped and cooked with sugar due to their very sour taste.

Meanwhile, its large dark green leaves look a bit like spinach and are not usually eaten due to fears about them being poisonous or inedible.

This article provides all the information you need on the safety of rhubarb leaves.

Rhubarb leaves are considered inedible due to their high concentration of oxalic acid. In fact, both the stalks and leaves contain oxalic acid, but the leaves have a much higher content.

Oxalic acid is a natural substance found in many plants, including leafy greens, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and cocoa (2).

Rhubarb contains approximately 570–1,900 mg of oxalate per 3.5 ounces (100 grams). The leaves contain the most oxalate, comprising 0.5–1.0% of the leaf (3).

Too much oxalate in the body can lead to a condition known as hyperoxaluria, which is when excess oxalate is excreted in the urine. This can also lead to an accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals in the organs (3).

In the kidneys, this can lead to the formation of kidney stones and eventually kidney failure.

Symptoms of mild rhubarb leaf poisoning include vomiting and diarrhea that resolve within a few hours. More serious oxalate toxicity causes sore throat, difficulty swallowing, nausea, vomiting (sometimes including blood), diarrhea, and abdominal pain (3).

Very serious symptoms include kidney failure, numbness, muscle twitches, and cramps.

summary

Rhubarb leaves contain oxalic acid, which can cause build up in the organs and lead to kidney stones and kidney failure when consumed in high amounts.

There are very few reports of either fatal or nonfatal poisoning caused by eating rhubarb leaves.

The reported average lethal dose for oxalate is estimated at 170 mg per pound (375 mg per kg) of body weight, which is approximately 26.3 grams for a 154-pound (70-kg) person (4).

This means a person would have to eat between 5.7–11.7 pounds (2.6–5.3 kg) of rhubarb leaves for a potentially lethal dose of oxalate, depending on the concentration of oxalate in the leaf.

However, lethal amounts have also been reported at lower intake levels (2, 5, 6).

During World War I, people were advised to eat rhubarb leaves as a substitute for vegetables that were unavailable at the time, leading to reports of several poisonings and deaths (3).

There were also reports of poisonings during the 1960s, but because it’s very uncommon to eat rhubarb leaves, there are no reports of deaths from rhubarb leaves in more recent times (5).

However, there are cases of people developing kidney damage from eating high amounts of rhubarb stems, which also contain oxalic acid (7).

Additionally, some people are more susceptible to developing kidney stones and kidney damage from oxalates.

This includes people with certain genetic conditions, as well as those with existing kidney damage, a high vitamin C intake, or vitamin B6 deficiency (7, 8, 9, 10).

It has also been suggested that both fatal and nonfatal rhubarb leaf poisoning may be caused by another substance known as anthraquinone glycosides — not the oxalic acid. However, more research is needed (3).

summary

Reports of poisoning from eating rhubarb leaves are very rare. A person would need to eat significant amounts of rhubarb leaves to induce symptoms, although some people may be more susceptible to developing kidney problems from oxalates.

Rhubarb leaves contain high amounts of oxalic acid, which can cause health problems when eaten in higher amounts.

Symptoms of toxicity include mild gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as more serious problems, such as kidney stones and kidney failure.

Although reports of poisoning are rare, it’s best to avoid eating rhubarb leaves, particularly if you have any condition that increases your risk of kidney stones.

Are Rhubarb Leaves Poisonous? (2024)

FAQs

Are Rhubarb Leaves Poisonous? ›

Are rhubarb leaves poisonous? Rhubarb leaves contain a couple of different chemicals which are unfortunately toxic to both humans and animals. While you'd have to eat quite a few to become ill, it's still best to steer clear of them.

What happens if you eat rhubarb leaves? ›

Symptoms of mild rhubarb leaf poisoning include vomiting and diarrhea that resolve within a few hours. More serious oxalate toxicity causes sore throat, difficulty swallowing, nausea, vomiting (sometimes including blood), diarrhea, and abdominal pain ( 3 ).

Is cooked rhubarb poisonous? ›

Typically, you would only eat the stalk of a rhubarb plant, which is safe to eat both raw and uncooked, according to Richter. The stalk contains no poisons, and you will normally not get sick eating it, though you'll likely want to sweeten or cook the stalk before eating it to make it more palatable.

Can you use rhubarb leaves for anything? ›

Not only do those huge rhubarb leaves work well for compost and organic pesticide, but they are also a great weed killer.

Can humans eat raw rhubarb? ›

Its stalks are deeper red and tinged with green, while its leaves are bright green. It has a more intense flavour and robust texture than the forced variety. Although it can be eaten raw, rhubarb tends to be too tart this way, and it's usually best when cooked with plenty of sugar.

When should you not eat rhubarb? ›

After freezing temperatures, some gardeners express concerns about the edibility of rhubarb. Rhubarb is a tough plant. Temperatures in the upper twenties or low thirties usually cause little or no damage. A hard freeze (temperatures in the mid-twenties or lower) is usually required to cause serious damage.

Why can't you eat too much rhubarb? ›

Rhubarb is high in calcium oxalate. While the substance is mainly in the leaves, it's also found in the stalks. Too much calcium oxalate in your diet may lead to hyperoxaluria, which is the buildup of oxalate crystals in different organs.

Is cooked rhubarb a laxative? ›

Rhubarb is a type of laxative called a stimulant laxative. Stimulant laxatives can cause diarrhea and decrease potassium levels. Some medications for inflammation, called corticosteroids, can also decrease potassium levels.

Does rhubarb affect your teeth? ›

Eating foods rich in oxalic acid can leave a sticky coating on your teeth which can make them feel fuzzy or furry. Foods with high oxalic acid content include leafy greens such as kale or spinach, as well as beetroot, sweet potato and rhubarb.

Is rhubarb poisonous if it freezes? ›

A light frost will not harm rhubarb. However, if temperatures were cold enough to cause the rhubarb leaves to wilt or become limp then damage has been done. The leaves should be removed and discarded. Any new leaves that appear and are normal can be eaten.

Does rhubarb repel pests? ›

One way to manage pest insects is to create habitat in your garden for beneficial insects such as ladybugs. Oxalic acid in the leaf blades (not petioles) of rhubarb can help repel flea beetles.

How much rhubarb should you leave? ›

No more than a third of the plant should be harvested, as it needs to have enough energy to come back! It's better to harvest a few stalks each from multiple plants than to take too many from one.

Can animals eat rhubarb leaves? ›

Toxicity to pets. Rhubarb is a common plant grown for edible consumption, and is also known as the pie plant. The leaves contain soluble oxalate crystals, with less of the crystals being prevalent in the stalk. That's why rhubarb stems are edible, but the leaves are not.

Is rhubarb good for arthritis? ›

Our present study reveals that rhubarb highlights promising neuroprotective effect. Thus, the formulation may be a potential preventive or therapeutic candidate for the treatment of chronic inflammation and arthritis.

What does rhubarb do to human body? ›

Rhubarb is also a great source of vitamin K1, which is important for blood clotting and bone health. A half cup of cooked rhubarb provides more than one-third of the recommended dietary intake of vitamin K1, along with two grams of fiber (which helps prevent colorectal cancer), some calcium and vitamin C.

Should you peel rhubarb? ›

Cut away and discard any tough, woody, or bruised parts of the stalks. Wash the stalks thoroughly and scrub with a vegetable brush. You don't need to peel peak-season rhubarb, but by midsummer, the stalks tend to be tough and fibrous. You might need to peel them to make them tastier.

What are the side effects of eating rhubarb? ›

Side effects might include stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and cramps. Rhubarb leaves are possibly unsafe. Rhubarb leaves contain oxalic acid, which can cause stomach pain, diarrhea, vomiting, seizures, and death.

What does oxalic acid do to the body? ›

While oxalic acid is a normal end product of mammalian metabolism, the consumption of additional oxalic acid may cause stone formation in the urinary tract when the acid is excreted in the urine. Soaking and cooking of foodstuffs high in oxalate will reduce the oxalate content by leaching.

Does cooking rhubarb remove oxalic acid? ›

Cooking rhubarb petioles with water, trim or standard milk significantly (p < 0.05) reduced oxalate contents of the mixture by dilution (total oxalate mean raw 902.7 mg/100 g fresh weight, mean cooked 454.3 mg/100 g fresh weight).

What happens to deer if they eat rhubarb leaves? ›

Do Deer eat rhubarb? Theoretically, they do not, but reports show that Deer can eat rhubarb when starving. If they eat them in large amounts, it can also kill them. Therefore, if you wish to use rhubarb to keep Deer out of your gardens, make sure you also add other deterrent measures alongside.

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